Units of Measurement

Comprehensive guide to SI base units, derived units, and imperial conversions

SI Base Units
Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol
Length Meter m
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second s
Electric Current Ampere A
Temperature Kelvin K
Amount of Substance Mole mol
Luminous Intensity Candela cd
SI Derived Units
Quantity Unit Name Symbol In SI Base Units
Area Square meter
Volume Cubic meter
Speed, Velocity Meter per second m/s m·s⁻¹
Acceleration Meter per second² m/s² m·s⁻²
Frequency Hertz Hz s⁻¹
Force Newton N kg·m·s⁻²
Pressure Pascal Pa kg·m⁻¹·s⁻²
Energy, Work Joule J kg·m²·s⁻²
Power Watt W kg·m²·s⁻³
Electric Charge Coulomb C A·s
Electric Potential Volt V kg·m²·s⁻³·A⁻¹
Resistance Ohm Ω kg·m²·s⁻³·A⁻²
Capacitance Farad F kg⁻¹·m⁻²·s⁴·A²
Magnetic Flux Weber Wb kg·m²·s⁻²·A⁻¹
Magnetic Field Tesla T kg·s⁻²·A⁻¹
Inductance Henry H kg·m²·s⁻²·A⁻²
Temperature Difference Celsius °C K
Luminous Flux Lumen lm cd·sr
Illuminance Lux lx lm·m⁻²
Length Conversions
Unit Conversion
1 kilometer (km) = 0.6214 miles
1 meter (m) = 3.2808 feet
1 centimeter (cm) = 0.3937 inches
1 millimeter (mm) = 0.03937 inches
1 mile = 1.6093 km
1 yard = 0.9144 m
1 foot = 0.3048 m
1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 nautical mile = 1.852 km
1 light year = 9.461 × 10¹² km
Mass Conversions
Unit Conversion
1 metric ton (t) = 1000 kg
1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2046 pounds
1 gram (g) = 0.03527 ounces
1 milligram (mg) = 0.001 g
1 pound (lb) = 0.4536 kg
1 ounce (oz) = 28.3495 g
1 stone = 6.3503 kg
1 US ton = 907.1847 kg
1 atomic mass unit (u) = 1.6605 × 10⁻²⁷ kg
Volume Conversions
Unit Conversion
1 cubic meter (m³) = 1000 L
1 liter (L) = 0.2642 gallons
1 milliliter (mL) = 1 cm³
1 gallon (US) = 3.7854 L
1 quart (US) = 0.9464 L
1 pint (US) = 0.4732 L
1 cup = 236.588 mL
1 fluid ounce = 29.5735 mL
1 tablespoon = 14.7868 mL
1 teaspoon = 4.9289 mL
Area Conversions
Unit Conversion
1 square km (km²) = 0.3861 sq miles
1 hectare (ha) = 2.4711 acres
1 square meter (m²) = 10.7639 sq ft
1 square cm (cm²) = 0.1550 sq in
1 acre = 4046.86 m²
1 square mile = 2.590 km²
1 square foot = 0.0929 m²
1 square inch = 6.4516 cm²
Temperature Conversions
From To Formula
Celsius (°C) Fahrenheit (°F) °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32
Fahrenheit (°F) Celsius (°C) °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9
Celsius (°C) Kelvin (K) K = °C + 273.15
Kelvin (K) Celsius (°C) °C = K - 273.15
Fahrenheit (°F) Kelvin (K) K = (°F - 32) × 5/9 + 273.15
Freezing point 0°C = 32°F = 273.15 K
Boiling point 100°C = 212°F = 373.15 K
Absolute zero -273.15°C = -459.67°F = 0 K
Speed & Energy
Conversion Formula
m/s to km/h × 3.6
km/h to m/s × 5/18
m/s to mph × 2.23694
mph to m/s × 0.44704
km/h to mph × 0.621371
mph to km/h × 1.60934
1 knot = 1.852 km/h

1 Joule (J) = 0.239 cal
1 calorie (cal) = 4.184 J
1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ J
1 eV = 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ J
Pressure Conversions
Unit Conversion
1 Pascal (Pa) = 1 N/m²
1 kPa = 1000 Pa
1 bar = 100 kPa = 10⁵ Pa
1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 760 mmHg
1 psi = 6.89476 kPa
1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa
1 torr = 133.322 Pa
Standard atmosphere: 1 atm = 14.696 psi
Time Conversions
Unit Equivalent
1 minute = 60 seconds
1 hour = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds
1 day = 24 hours = 86,400 seconds
1 week = 7 days
1 year (common) = 365 days
1 year (leap) = 366 days
1 decade = 10 years
1 century = 100 years
1 millennium = 1000 years